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Mahican
The Mahicans ( or Mohicans ) are an Eastern Algonquian Native American tribe, originally settled in the Hudson River Valley (around Albany, New York) and western New England. After 1680, due to conflicts with the Mohawk, many moved to Stockbridge, Massachusetts. Since the 1830s, most descendants of the Mahican are located in Shawano County, Wisconsin, where they formed the federally recognized Stockbridge-Munsee Community with the Lenape people and have a reservation.
Following the disruption of the American Revolutionary War, most of the Mahican descendants first migrated westward to join the Iroquois Oneida on their reservation in central New York. The Oneida gave them about 22,000 acres for their use. After more than two decades, in the 1820s and 1830s, the Oneida and the Stockbridge moved again, pressured to relocate to northeastern Wisconsin under the federal Indian Removal program.〔(EB-Mohicans "Mohican" (history) ), ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', 2007〕 The tribe's name came from where they lived: "Muh-he-ka-neew" or "People of the continually flowing waters."〔Stockbridge,Past and Present;Electa Jones〕 The word Muh-he-kan refers to a great sea or body of water and the Hudson River reminded them of their place of origin, so they named the Hudson River "Seepow Mahecaniittuck" or the river where there are people from the continually flowing waters.〔Mohican Oral Tribal History as recorded by Hendrick Aupaumut and printed in Stockbridge, Past and Present by Electa Jones.〕 Therefore, they along with tribes also living along the Hudson River-like the Munsee and Wappinger-were called "the River Indians" by the Dutch and English. The Dutch heard and wrote the term for the people of the area variously as: ''Mahigan, Mahikander, Mahinganak, Maikan and Mawhickon'', which the English simplified later to ''Mahican'' or Mohican. The French, through their Indian allies in Canada, called the Mahicans ''Loups'' (or wolves) just as they called the Five Nations "Snake People" or "Iroquois." Like the Munsee and Wippingers, the Mahicans were related to the Lenape People of the Delaware River Valley.
In the late twentieth century, they joined other former New York tribes and the Oneida in filing land claims against New York state for what were considered unconstitutional purchases after the Revolutionary War. In 2010, outgoing governor David Paterson announced a land exchange with the Stockbridge-Munsee that would enable them to build a large casino on in Sullivan County in the Catskills, in exchange for dropping their larger claim in Madison County. The deal has many opponents.
==Territory==
The Mahican were living in and around the ''Mahicannituck'' ("Their name for the Hudson River"), along the Mohawk River and Hoosic River at the time of their first contact with Europeans after 1609, during the settlement of New Netherland. In their own language, the Mahican referred to themselves collectively as the "Muhhekunneuw", "people of the great river".〔(Sultzman, Lee. "Mahican History" )〕 The Mahican territory was bounded on the northwest by Lake Champlain and Lake George and on the northeast by the Pocomtuc Confederacy, Pennacook Confederacy (also known as ''Merrimack'' or ''Pawtucket'') and the Connecticut River Valley, which was inhabited by the Sokoki of the Western Abenaki. The original Mahican homeland was the Hudson River Valley from the Catskill Mountains north to the southern end of Lake Champlain. Bounded by the Schoharie River in the west, it extended east to the crest of the Berkshire Mountains in western Massachusetts from northwest Connecticut north to the Green Mountains in southern Vermont.〔(Walling, Richard S., "Death In The Bronx: The Stockbridge Indian Massacre, August, 1778", Americanrevolution.org )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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